In a world of mass production and using the cheapest labour available to produce items regardless of impact I strongly believe that hand producing unique pieces produces a quality and attention to detail that is lost in mass casting or production.

I only use recycled or heritage precious metals and as such I am not supporting more extraction via environmentally damaging processes, all of my new precious metals are either 100% recycled or from the Single Mine Origin (SMO) project which supports environmentally sensitive mining, there is a journal post on SMO here

I only use gemstones which have been sourced as ethically as possible, through gemstone suppliers who share the same beliefs, this is an area where cheaper less traceable stones may come from sources which support slavery, terrorism and other and unethical behaviours. Any diamonds I use are sourced from suppliers who go above and beyond the Kimberly Process.

Frequently I will use raw/rough or upcycled (either freeform stones, which are less commercially viable, not perfect cuts or offcuts and gem fragments) which ensures that waste is reduced.

All my precious woods are from FSC, reject/recovered wood stock (usually from musical instrument construction), offcuts or waste wood veneer, I do not buy exotic woods from primary suppliers, as such the range of woods I have varies from time to time.

The packaging I use is made from either FSC eco friendly packaging, or from recycled materials, with shipping materials made from recycled cardboard.

As I am based in the UK and the majority of my materials, resources and supplies come from the UK the carbon footprint is lower than something mass produced in a country such as China, buying local (even in the same country) is a more environmentally sustainable option.

In my workshop I try to limit the use of carbon fuel based heat sources and rely mainly on my oxyhydrogen torch, which uses water as a fuel, for larger castings however I still need to use larger carbon based heat sources

Each piece is handmade, handforged or sandcast, in my workshop, by me